Market Penetration and Branding Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Market Penetration and Branding - Coursework Example Exchange advancements, then again, allude to motivating forces, for example, limits, plans, commissions and complimentary gifts that are intended to guarantee that the merchants stock up and that occurrences of stock-outs are reduced.Loyalty programs, then again, allude to remunerate programs that organizations offer to faithful clients who every now and again buy their items and administrations (Davis 169). The steadfastness programs are frequently turned out with the end goal that clients are given explicit numbers that they use when making buys. The drawn out motivation behind faithfulness programs is to compensate the clients who the association thinks about steadfast with free product or to give them propelled access to items that have been newly infused into the market. In as much as both the act of making steadfastness programs, just as that grasping deals advancement exercises, assume a job in guaranteeing that organizations get their normal benefits, I assume genuine the way that the act of grasping deals advancement exercises is progressively productive when contrasted with that of utilizing dependability programs. This is on the grounds that they increment the degree of deals when they are coasted, and considerably after their span has slipped by, associations typically wind up in a superior situation when contrasted with its rivals inside the market. Entrusted with the obligation of building up a marking system for Achilles easygoing shoes, I would choose Achilles in Trend as the brand name. Additionally, I would hold onto deals advancement exercises as my marking methodology.

Effects of computer games to students Free Essays

The far reaching conviction that dopamine directs joy could stand out forever with the most recent research results on the job of this synapse. Specialists have demonstrated that it directs inspiration, making people start and drive forward to acquire something either constructive or adverse. The neuroscience diary Neuron distributes an article by analysts at the Universitat Jaume I of Castellon that audits the predominant hypothesis on dopamine and represents a significant change in outlook with applications in maladies identified with absence of inspiration and mental weakness and sadness, Parkinson’s, different sclerosis, fibromyalgia, and so on. We will compose a custom exposition test on Impacts of PC games to understudies or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now  and sicknesses where there is extreme inspiration and steadiness as on account of addictions. â€Å"It was accepted that dopamine managed joy and reward and that we discharge it when we acquire something that fulfills us, yet in certainty the most recent logical proof shows that this synapse demonstrations before that, it really urges us to act. At the end of the day, dopamine is discharged so as to accomplish something great or to abstain from something evil,† clarifies Merce Correa. Studies had indicated that dopamine is discharged by pleasurable sensations yet additionally by stress, agony or misfortune. These examination results anyway had been slanted to just feature the positive impact, as indicated by Correa. The new article is a survey of the worldview dependent on the information from a few examinations, including those directed in the course of recent decades by the Castellon bunch in a joint effort with the John Salamone of the University of Connecticut (USA), on the job of dopamine in the roused conduct in creatures. The degree of dopamine relies upon people, so a few people are more steady than others to accomplish an objective. â€Å"Dopamine prompts keep up the degree of movement to accomplish what is proposed. This on a fundamental level is sure, be that as it may, it will consistently rely upon the improvements that are looked for: regardless of whether the objective is to be a decent understudy or to maltreatment of drugs† says Correa. Significant levels of dopamine could likewise clarify the conduct of the purported sensation searchers as they are increasingly roused to act. Application for sorrow and dependence on know the neurobiological parameters that cause individuals to be spurred by something is imperative to numerous zones, for example, work, training or wellbeing. Dopamine is currently observed as a center synapse to address manifestations, for example, the absence of vitality that happens in sicknesses, for example, sadness. â€Å"Depressed individuals don't want to do anything and that’s in view of low dopamine levels,† clarifies Correa. Absence of vitality and inspiration is likewise identified with different conditions with mental weakness, for example, Parkinson’s, numerous sclerosis or fibromyalgia, among others. In the contrary case, dopamine might be associated with addictive conduct issues, prompting a disposition of urgent constancy. In this sense, Correa demonstrates that dopamine opponents which have been applied so far in enslavement issues presumably have not worked due to deficient medications dependent on a misconception of the capacity of dopamine (http://www. sciencedaily. com/discharges/2013/01/130110094415. htm) The impact of a dopamine agonist on dysarthric discourse creation: a contextual analysis. Unique The impact of Permax (pergolide mesylate), a dopamine agonist, was evaluated in a person with horrible cerebrum injury. The member confirm side effects of hypokinetic dysarthria. His presentation on and off Permax was assessed in a BABA structure. Measures were gotten across physiological frameworks. There were barely any distinctions in the on and off conditions. In the on condition, he confirm an unusually enormous velopharyngeal opening territory, dysfluencies in upgrade sentences, and less exact verbalization. Nonetheless, audience members saw him to be progressively vivified in the on condition. What's more, he detailed better execution in the on condition. The examination features potential disparities among member report, audience observation, and target measures. Learning results: because of this movement, the member will be capable (1) to perceive the impact of dopamine agonists as a subordinate to other pharmacological intercessions and (2) to decide potential errors among member report, audience observation and goal physiological and acoustic measures. (Transitional Learning Center, Department of Communication Disorders, University of Houston, TX 77204-6018, USA. mmchenry@uh. edu/http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/11565961) The most effective method to refer to Effects of PC games to understudies, Papers

The Great Wifi Outage of 2007

The Great Wifi Outage of 2007 (Keep voting, guys! Remember, the poll closes at midnight PST on October 28th. Thanks a lot!) At around 1:30 AM on Tuesday, October 16th, Burton-Conners internet went out. Somewhat analogous to the power outage days of yore, the internet outage hit the dorm like a tsunami hysterical shrieks of people who were unable to submit HASS papers filled the air, as freshmen were trampled by upperclassmen rioting to reset the router. Someone on Burton 4 declared loudly that it was all due to those worthless Conner 3 residents, and a bloody dormwide revolution ignited when someone whipped their shirt around their head and declared, YOU CAN TAKE OUR WIFI, BUT YOU CANT TAKE OUR FREEDOM!! Entire monitors from Athena clusters were flung through the air and UROP proposals were set ablaze as the scent of carnage spread over all of dorm row, until all of West Campus caught the fever and engaged in a vicious and terrible battle to the death. (Well, not really we all just convened to complain about how we could no longer Facebook in lieu of working. Then the 133 suite made a Claymation video. Caution! Mild condiment violence to follow. In case youre wondering, these kinds of things dont often happen here (the internet outage, not the Claymation videos.) The only similar event I can recall would be the epic e-mail failure of po14 last spring. Look for Evans blog about how it occurred later on this week.) Its hard to get time to yourself sometimes, but being wifi-less definitely helped. Between problem sets (that sometimes take all day), neuroanatomy exams (shortly followed by a lecture on why squares A and B are the SAME COLOR I still think its all a big lie), dance practice, MedLinking almost everyone on my hall for some lack-of-sleep-related illness thats going around, Saturday overnight shifts on the ambulance, and long hot showers trying to scrub off that Saturday overnight shift on the ambulance, Ive barely had any time to breathe and Im sure you guys feel the same way between senior year APs, last minute SAT IIs and college applications. If theres any part of the application process youd like me to focus on in particular first, let me know! Heres more of your questions: Nihar queried: I was wondering how and where do students interact with their professors outside of class?? Are they easily approachable any time of the day? (cz in my high school, we tail them throughout the school until theyre cornered and then attack them with our queries;),though I think that wont be possible for someone at MITwill it?) Melissa similarly queried: Im coming from a school with a class of 200 each. That worries me I dont know what itll be like to be in a class where I dont know everyones name, and not everyone knows mine! And the whole finding friends, being without family, all that Im worried =( Do teachers even know your name? Yeah.. its kind of a scary thought, right? Throughout high school, its not that hard to know your teachers class sizes generally fall around 30, and there are always seating charts to fall back on. Plus, filling out those attendance sheets every day of the year generally got them to knowing about how Brian Johnson was always cutting class, or how you were always on time (you were always on time, werent you?)(Thats okay, I wasnt). In college, though, there arent any seating charts. And at first, it can be really intimidating because you start out taking General Institute Requirements (GIRs), which everyone takes. So the number of students in lecture blows up to the point that if you skip class, nobody will notice except you, when youre rudely awakened by the fact that you dont know whats going on (so dont skip class! Its different for recitation, though; they usually fall around 20 and its really easy to be good buddies with your TAs. I friend mine on Facebook.). So the professor doesnt have to know you it isnt that they dont want to; its just that they dont have time to get to know everyone who falls out of bed and into 10-250. The responsibility is now yours to form a student-teacher relationship. Otherwise theyll just lecture at you, and youll just be another face in a sea of 200+. If you go to your professors office hours, which theyll post on the class website or announce in class, theyll eventually get to know you. If you approach them after lecture and ask how they got the number of atomic orbitals in that cycloaddition problem, theyll remember your face a little better. But if you dont engage yourself in making it happen, it wont. Even if they just stand up there and lecture at you, though, you shouldnt be intimidated not to try your professors are still human, and most of them are pretty interesting people. Some are pretty interesting characters, like my 7.03 professor: (Professor Fink is also a widely-renowned geneticist and the former director of the Whitehead Institute, as well as a pioneer in developing new techniques to introduce foreign DNA to yeast. His work set the basis for several new developments i.e. using yeast to manufacture antibiotics and other drugs, as well as studying similar pathways in more complex organisms. Recently he lead research in engineering the yeast genome to more efficiently produce ethanol.) As you progress at MIT and declare a major, your class sizes will generally fall to around 50 or so, and lab classes are even smaller. It just depends on how big your department is. In all cases, whether youre intimidated by your class size or not, professors are usually very approachable and willing to help. Mike has one question: I have one question: How do people normally work meals since MIT doesnt have a meal plan? MIT does have a meal plan! It only applies to people who live in dining halls, though, and its a slightly controversial because it has its imperfections. MIT has a monetary system called Tech Cash, which is basically like a debit card that works anywhere on campus (and a few places off-campus, i.e. Au Bon Pan and Dominos), as well as for stuff like vending machines, laundry machines, etc. People who live in dorms with dining halls (Baker, Next, McCormick and Simmons) pay $300 at the beginning of a semester to help keep the dining hall open, and then get half off every time they eat there that way, theres no points or whatever people have left over at the semester (itll just carry over). An article in The Tech last year actually revealed that in order to break even youd need to spend at least $10 in the dining hall every night, though, and people rarely do that- often times its just easier to grab something from the student center, or go out to eat, or order in from Campus Food. So like most meal plans, its not perfect. But it at least allows some flexibility, which is good for those days you get sick of stir fry all the time. Anonymous asked: Is it possible to get good grades at MIT if someone enrolls at the institute from a small, rural high school that didnt prepare a student as well in math/science as gigantic suburban schools? I understand that going to college is not about just getting that GPA but learning new things. But if a student is planning on attending graduate schools, what if he/she cant get into the schools he/she wants to because that person struggles at MIT to maintain a reasonable GPA? Yes, its absolutely possible. But itll take dedication, patience, and a little bit of tolerance for the seemingly endless stream of people who dont work half as hard as you and end up doing twice as well. My high school preparation was certainly not perfect. Ill be honest I picked up bad study techniques because I could get by, even excel, by coasting for weeks at a time and then cramming two nights before the exam. It doesnt work at MIT. The way you approach your work is often times much more vital than the background youve acquired, as your work ethic is a product of your own doing and your background isnt. And while a good GPA is an important factor in applying for grad schools (I certainly cant speak for all schools, since I have little personal experience in this area), Ill guess that its probably similar to applying for undergraduate programs, and your GPA is just a number. It puts you in a category that may qualify you for that school, but wont necessarily be a deal breaker. Either way, if youre thinking about passing up applying to MIT just because youre worried your GPA wont be as high as it will be at other schools, you should know that 1) that isnt what you come to MIT for, and 2) that isnt the only things grad schools are looking for. Paul has a couple more things to add. Paul? Basically, the admissions department is not going to admit a student who, in their opinion, cannot shoulder the workload at MIT. As I now know firsthand, MIT is a hard school but the kids who get into MIT are also pretty smartand they know how to ask for help when they need it. Also, at MIT, first-semester freshmen have the advantage of Pass/No-Record which basically means that first-semester freshmen do not have to worry about their GPA at all, because they dont have one yet. P.S. The Advising Support page also has some entries that you may find useful. Constantin (not Istanbul) pondered: How does the application fee waiver work? Do I have to wait until the letter from my school reaches the Admission Office and only then submit my application? anon also pondered: is it possible to submit the part 1 of the application by choosing the fee waiver option yet not having sent the fee waiver request yet? Ralph continued to ponder: How should we intimate the colleges(not necessarily just MIT) that were sending in a application fee waiver request?(email and tell them?what if i dont get a reply? Should i still go ahead and send in the request?) Constantin no! Anon yes! Ralph Nance recently addressed this question; Jen 11 (who lives next door to me and bikes like fourteen miles a day) also articulated this fully: Collegeboard offers application waivers to students who qualify for the SAT waivers, which can be used at good number of colleges. Otherwise, you can just get a letter written by your school counselor or maybe family accountant saying that paying the application fee puts a financial burden on your family. I recommend you list some numbers if you can (otherwise they might wait until they see your FAFSA/CSS profile?). If youre smart, you can distribute the collegeboard waivers and school counselor/family accountant letters among the majority of your colleges and only end up paying for a few. Youll save your family a LOT of money (because as we all know, the whole college applying-to can get pretty freakin expensive). But dont send in waivers or requests for them if your familys relatively well off. Hope this helps! And good luck with the application process guys dont forget to breathe once and a while. Amen to that. Breathe, guys youre almost there.

Sociology Lenski Essay - 724 Words

| Kirsten Stone Society-Lenski Essay Professor Carver 15 March 2013 Society-Lenski Essay How has human intelligence and curiosity influenced the development of technology throughout history? From the beginning of time, starting with the hunting and gathering societies, technology always existed. Granted it was a lot different than the technology created in the industrial time period and light-years away from the technology we have today. It is human nature to seek out ways to do things better, easier, faster, and that’s where curiosity is tied in. According to Gerhard and Jean Lenski, â€Å"societies change over time through the process of socio-cultural evolution, the effect on society as that society gains access to new tools and†¦show more content†¦There is huge jump from these feudal societies to industrial societies. All of a sudden there are assembly lines, steam engines, cotton gins, textiles, and 100,000 work units compared to 100 work units. There were lots of jobs in factories, where people worked in unsafe conditions for little pay. Children could work and get paid a lot less than adults. The union was developed to try get employees the rights they deserved, stop child labor, and gain some security in their jobs. Working in factories on an assembly line began to make workers de-skilled and replaceable. Productivity flew through the roof though with all the new machines and growing technology. In industrial societies, the five institutions started to change more drastically than in past societies. Family life became fragmented because there was less communication. The children went to school and the parents worked. Another thing that changed in the family was that people lived with their nuclear, or immediate family instead of being surrounded by family like in past societies. Education was no longer only for the elite who could afford it. Schools were formed and there was an organized system with teachers. There was a lot of confusion, or anomie, when it came to religion, because there was more dive rsity and arguments. The Catholic religion was being challenged by science and Protestants as well. The government went through some major changesShow MoreRelatedContemporary Theory: Stratification Essay examples1245 Words   |  5 Pagesof placing and motivating individuals in social structure[s]† (242). Through this, the basis of stratification arises from the fundamental works of the forefathers of sociology, Marx, Weber, and Durkheim. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim each establishes a foundation as â€Å"almost all contemporary stratification theory and research in sociology traces itself back, in some fashion, to one of these three† (Bowles 2013). From this it can be seen how Marx, Weber, and Durkheims views on stratification vary fromRead MoreSocial Stratification1589 Words   |  7 Pagessource of disorder and coercion.†(Stanley 1998 : 227). The conflict theory is an acceptable way of understanding and explaining social stratification however on its own it doe s not adequately answer all the questions about stratification .In this essay, discussion will focus on how the conflict theory point of view can be applied in explaining stratification within society. It will further attempt to elucidate how other alternative theories such as functionalism and evolutionary theory explain theRead MoreWhy Does Gender Stratification Exist? Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagesgender roles to be implemented in society which then reinforce and justify male dominance. Feminists believe that socialisation leads to gender inequalities as women are socialised into passive or subordinate roles and men into dominant ones. This essay will examine the views of functionalism, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism concerned with gender stratification to determine why this issue exists. Main Body: An overview of the gender gap on a global scale is presented in the Global GenderRead MoreDoes America Have Social Classes?1485 Words   |  6 Pagesand white collar people. The poor are considered the working class, blue collar, and jobless unemployed people. â€Å"Oliver Cox, has been one of the most outspoken people, he states that there is no such thing as a social class in American communities† (Lenski 139). Social class is known to be defined by money. â€Å"If someone makes less than $30,000 a year that person is considered poor. If a person were to make an average of $60,000 a year they would be ranked under middle class. The people that are consideredRead MoreCompare Modernist and Symbolic Interpretive in Different Aspect1655 Words   |  7 Pages The purpose of theories is to explore organization from modernist to symbolic interpretative perspective by using culture, power and structure. How modernist and symbolic interpretive are different and similar from each will be discussed in this essay. Modernist perspective Modernist states that goals can be achieved by discovering the truth. The effectiveness of an organization to make profit is based on the CEO’s leading and decision making ability. However, this statement was proven wrong because

Article Review Leadership Vision, Organization Culture,...

Article Review: Leadership vision, organization culture, and support for innovation in not-for-profit and for-profit organizations. This article works on the premise that organizations must adopt a change philosophy including â€Å"transformational leadership, organizational culture, and organizational innovation† (Sarros, Cooper, Santora, 2011). This is an area which has had little attention, despite the assertion that these are important aspects required to create a change strategy. This article covers background research primarily pertaining to not-for-profit (NFP) organizations’ relationship to leadership and organizational culture, a set of six hypothesis regarding these relationships, a review of the method for conducting this study,†¦show more content†¦Although it has been asserted that this is an outdated model, there is also a strong claim that only those at the top have the means to create significant organizational transformation, so this view of leadership may not be as outmoded as it seems. By looking at both the defined components of leadership and mediating effect of tea m structure, individual empowerment, and participative management, we may be able to gain a clearer view of leadership within the NFP and for-profit (FP) sectors. Leadership and organizational culture Organizational culture refers to the interpreted meanings found in everyday interactions within an organization. There is significant difference between the cultures found in NFP and FP organizations. In NFPs, the servant leadership model is more prevalent, where FPs tend more towards a heroic leadership model. There are two systems used to model the relationship between leaders and culture, functionalist and anthropological. The functionalist view states that leaders build the organizational culture which supports change, where the anthropological view questions this ability. Since most reviewed evidence points toward the functionalist outlook, the study is approached from this viewpoint. In most situations, the type of leadership needed to instigate change culture is transformational leadership, which requires â€Å"top

Smoking Free Essays

The human body is made up of all different organs that are essential to our living being. Taking care of these organs is vital to maintaining our health. One of our most important organs is the lungs. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now The lungs are used to take in oxygen from the air and help us make blood cells in the body. Keeping the lungs healthy is necessary to keeping your breathing and blood healthy. There are many things that keep us from having healthy lungs, such as toxic fumes, gar smoke, and the most common, cigarette smoke.Smoking cigarettes doesn’t only affect the person who smokes but also the people around them. I believe that smoking should be banned from the United States. Even though this is a very unacceptable issue to the majority of the country, there have been smoking bans that were implemented in early years to insure the safety of the people in businesses, and restaurant environments. Even though smoking has been banned in these facilities, we should expand these laws and make cigarettes banned all over the country. When smoking bans are put to use, less people will die from the toxin that seeps throughout the cigarette.Cigarettes should not be imported nor distributed in the U. S. A. Smoking is an expensive habit and it should be banned. Although smokers claim that it helps them to relax and release stress, the negative aspects of the habit outweigh the positive. It is a health hazard for both smokers and non-smokers and it is especially harmful to unborn babies. Cigarettes are also addictive because of the nicotine they contain. Cigarette smoking causes a number of health problems which are expensive to treat. It is a major cause of respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung cancer and bronchitis. It also leads to heart disease.In spite of the money in which the government receives from taxing cigarettes, the cost of medical treatment for these diseases is much more than their tax income. As a consequence, non-smoking taxpayers are paying for the health costs of smokers. This is a very unfair situation. Another reason for banning cigarettes is that cigarette smoke affects the health of non-smokers and unborn babies. Non-smokers soften suffer from eye and nose irritations, allergies and headaches as a result of inhaling second-hand smoke. There is also evidence to suggest that passive smoking may cause lung cancer.Smoking during pregnancy can hinder to growth of the fetus and may even result in death. Finally, the nicotine which is found in cigarettes is highly addictive. Other addictive substances such as cocaine and heroin are illegal. The fact that tobacco remains legal is very irrational. To some people smoking can be a matter of relieving stress. To many it may seem harmless but most people do not know that it is addicting and that it kills. Cigarettes carry all sorts of harmful ingredients that make it poisonous for both the user and those around them.Smoking is dangerous because it has the ability to deliver large doses of nicotine into the lungs, from which blood carries to the brain. This means that you are subjected to get cancer, lung disease, and even mood swings, depending if you have not smoked a cigarette in some time. Smoking is international, and many people say that they smoke just to do it. Smoking can cause second hand smoke, which is more dangerous than smoking in the first place. Second hand smoke is serious because it causes cancerous cells, which multiply throughout the body. Since your inhaling the fumes of the cigarettes, it makes it easier to travel down to your lungs.Since smoking bans have been implemented in restaurants, the government has made it safer for society not to get second hand smoke. The banning of smoking has indeed decreased the use of smoking cigarettes especially around other, but that is not enough. Smoking does not only hurt people it hurts the environment also. Because the toxic fumes go into the air, it spreads through the wind, therefore spreading all over the world. Even though cigarettes have nicotine in it, it also has acids, and other harmful containing toxins that are polluted into the air.We should expand the ban nationally so that instead of a decrease of the use of cigarettes, there will not be any cigarettes to begin with. Smoking bans were put in the legislature for a reason and that reason was to keep us away from toxin harms. Banning also has caused many businesses in the country to close down and has upset customers. Since the act of banning smoking in public places was put into action, people try to bend the laws. Many smokers say that it is their right to smoke. While that may be true, it is not their right to kill others through second hand smoke. The state of Connecticut has put smoking bans in the legislature, but it has affected an Indian casino company that has been in business for many years. Even though the casino has non-smoking sections and has installed air-handling system to allow the fumes of the cigarettes to be lessened. The company has made all the precautions but the state still made them ban smoking on the premises. Banning does not make people completely stop; it actually has made people smoke more and become more violent. I feel the reason to that is because they are so used to smoking that it comes as second nature to them, it becomes a need necessary for their life.People in society feel that banning has done more harm than good, but they don’t see the precaution levels the government is trying to do. Smoking could kill 1 billion people in this century because countries are not doing enough to combat the deadly epidemic. By banning cigarettes we are supportive of the reduction of getting a disease or losing a loved one because of smoking. Although cigarettes are bad for your health, they can be beneficial, if used properly. The main benefits of smoking cigarettes are that it helps the body deal with anxiety, stress, and depression. The way you breathe when you smoke helps your body relax and calm down.For people who have panic attacks or stress problems, doctors recommend patients practice a sort of breathing called relaxation breathing. Relaxation breathing involves taking a deep breath into the lungs and holding it in for a second or two before exhaling. This is exactly like the act of smoking. This kind of breathing slows your heart rate and relieves tension in your muscles, especially your neck and upper back, which tense up in stressful situations. Thought this benefit from smoking is very good for people who are overly stressed, the nicotine in the cigarettes makes them addicted to it.So although they maybe stress free, they are digging themselves and early grave for their lungs. Smoking bans can have its pros and cons but in the long run the banning of cigarettes can be used to ensure a dramatic decrease in deaths and diseases that are caused by cigarettes and its toxins. Deaths have increased since smoking has started and needs to stop. If the use of cigarettes continues in the U. S, I feel that it would put a risk on our future generations and future leaders. The U. S. has banned smoking in many public places, but we should expand that to banning cigarettes overall to promote better health and stability in our country.   How to cite Smoking, Papers

Impressive Essay Human Happiness In CPM And HRM Assignment Solution

Question: Discuss about theHuman Happiness in CPM and HRM. Answer: Introduction The assignment addresses the utilitarian theory to analyze the principles of ethics and understand the basics of contemporary people management (CPM) and human resource management (HRM). The author describes the two theoretical concepts based on humanity and CPM/HRM. It also analyzes the contribution of CPM and HRM on society, organizations and human beings and its impact on the ethics. The primary aim is to analyze the ethics of contemporary people management and human resource management. Human resource management is the management of human resources in an organization. The aim of the human resource manager in an organization is to maximize the performance of employees in accordance to the strategic objectives of an organization (Kramar, 2014). Contemporary people management is the management of group of people in an organization. Contemporary people management is the subset of human resource management. Both the human resource management and contemporary people management face som e ethical issues that are related to employees, remuneration, benefits, reward and recognition and health and safety. The assignment discusses the relationship between happiness principle, utilitarianism and HRM/CPM. Utilitarianism is a theory that is related to the actions that maximizes the utility (Kramar De Cieri, 2008). Body Utilitarianism and the Happiness principle The basic principle of Utilitarianism is to promote happiness. A action is said to proportionate and appropriate if its promotes happiness while it is said to wrong if reverse happens. Utilitarianism is a theory that aims at maximizing the utility or the benefit of the human beings. John Stuart and Jeremy Bentham developed the theory in 18th to 19th century. The main motive of the theory is to promote happiness not just for the performer but the other actors as well. The Utilitarianism theory is opposed to much ethical theory because according to this the main aim of people is to maximize utility (Hollander, 2016). Hence, the people can perform such actions that maximize utility even if it is done from the wrong motive. Utility is defined in various ways but the most common way to define utility is in terms of well being of either human beings or the organizations. The action that the individuals perform that creates happiness does not include suffering and pain. The theory as furthe r extended that not only measured utility by defining it in quantitative terms but also qualitative terms. The judgment on the actions depends on the effects of the actions and not its performance (Paul, 2013). The purpose of the morality according to utility theory is to increase the amount of good things and decrease the amount of bad things. Good things here refer to happiness and pleasure while bad things refer to pain and unhappiness. The theory does not consider the ethics and moral code but is based on religion, traditions, customs and orders. The theory is based on the consequences and results. Good, bad, right and wrong is determined on the basis if effects and consequences of laws, moral conduct, actions and policies perceived by an individual or the organization. The entire theory is based on just one principle that is performing the actions that produces the best consequences. The Utilitarianism is based on the greatest Happiness principle. The actions is considered to be moral if they promote happiness and maximizes utility or well being and is considered immoral if they promote reverse. It is not necessary for the actions to be ethical or unethical unless and until it yields right consequences. The happiness principle is considered as good in general but has many flaws, as it does not comply with the ethical system. The greatest happiness principle theory does not consider the third party that is being affected (Riley, 2013). The aim is to maximize self-welfare and happiness even though it is affecting others in a negative way. The happiness principle does not consider the future while measuring morality and happiness. The happiness principle does not consider law formulated by government. Hence, though the happiness principle and utilitar ianism is considered as one of the best moral theory and influential theory it has many flaws and controversies, as the theory does not comply with ethics and issues (Veenhoven, 2014). HRM / CPM Human Resource Management is the management of the human resources in an organization. It is the management of people within an organization. The responsibility of human resource manager is to manage employees and the work in an organization. The responsibility of human resource manger is divided in three components that are staffing, employee compensation and benefit and designing work. The main role of human resource manager is to improve the productivity of the organization by managing the employees. The responsibilities of human resource manager in an organization are to select and recruit employees for the right job at right time and place (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). It also includes providing training and development to employees to improve their performance, provide compensation and benefits to maximize their welfare, evaluate the performance of employees and provide rewards based on the performance of employees. The human resource manager is responsible for managing the querie s of employees and resolving the disputes by properly communicating the employees. Human resources is an important part often organization (Aswathappa, 2013). They are considered as an asset for the company who is responsible for managing employees so that they are able to improve the performance by recognizing their performance and providing proper training and development. Contemporary people management is the management of group of people in an organization. CPM is an extended function of HRM where the main aim is to improve the communication skills in an organization by managing the people. CPM is the management of new HR practices and potential to add value to the organization. The idea addresses the management of people in an organization by managing the contemporary issues and problems that the managers and employees in an organization face. The human resource manager has the responsibility of maintaining ethics and humanity in an organization by abiding the ethical principles and maintaining the moral conduct. The human resource manager to the employees communicates the strategies and the objectives of the organization (Evertson Weinstein, 2013). Relationship Between Utilitarianism and HRM/CPM Ethics and utilitarianism has a great impact on the human resource and contemporary people management. The ethical theory and the utility theory in context of Human resource management relates to the consequences, outcomes or ends of an employee in an organization. The aim of the human resource manager is to maximize the profit of an organization and achieve the goals and targets of the firm by utilizing the strategies that maximizes the welfare of both the employees and the organization. The aim of the manager in an organization is to maximize the utility and benefit in an organization (Costea et al., 2012). The rules for the workers in an organization are based on the utility. This often causes stress and anxiety for employees as the utility is different in terms of managerial perspective and employee perspective. Different human resources managers approach the ethical principles in different ways. The aim and responsibility of the manager is to maximize the happiness of employees so that they are able to achieve the target of the organization. It indirectly focuses on maximizing the welfare of the entire organization. Business ethics is the principles that define moral code of conduct that define the actions that are right and wrong in an organization. The role of human resource manager is to ensure that they are able to main ethics in an organization by maintaining quality and justice between the employees and managers (Hall et al., 2012). The utilitarianism theory includes both the soft and hard human resource management ethics in its ethical principle concept. Hard human resource management is using the employees juts to satisfy the needs of the organization and meet the organizational goals. Soft Human resource management considers employees as a subject in themselves. The human resource manager manages the rights of employees, participation and empowerment. It focuses on managing the employees rights and also the organizational goals (Bolton Houlihan, 2007). Conclusion Hence, from the above analysis it is clear that the main aim of the utilitarianism theory is to promote happiness and pleasure by taking up the right action. The actions that promote happiness and pleasure are considered, as right actions while reverse are true in case of wrong actions. Human resource manager aims at fulfilling the goals of the organization by effectively managing the employees. The responsibility of the HRM is to maintain ethics at organization. The HRM can contribute to the happiness of employees by recognizing their performance and rewarding them accordingly. The aim of employees is to maximize its welfare by maximizing its income while the aim of the managers is to maximize the profit. The human resource manager can maximize the benefit and welfare of both the employees and managers in an organization. The utilitarian theory accepts both the soft and hard HRM practices while considering the ethical principles. The flaws of the utilitarian principle and theory are that it does not consider various ethical principles in its concept. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Aswathappa, K. (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Bolton, S. C., Houlihan, M. (Eds.). (2007).Searching for the human in human resource management: Theory, practice and workplace contexts. Palgrave Macmillan. Costea, B., Amiridis, K., Crump, N. (2012). Graduate employability and the principle of potentiality: An aspect of the ethics of HRM.Journal of business ethics,111(1), 25-36. Evertson, C. M., Weinstein, C. S. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues. Routledge. Hall, D., Pilbeam, S., Corbridge, M. (Eds.). (2012).Contemporary themes in strategic people management: a case-based approach. Palgrave Macmillan. Hollander, S. (2016). Ethical Utilitarianism and The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Adam Smith in Relation to Hume and Bentham.Eastern Economic Journal,42(4), 557-580. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. Kramar, R., De Cieri, H. (2008). Human resource management in Australia: strategy people performance. Paul, B. (2013). A critical analysis of mills utilitarianism.Docs. school Publications. Riley, J. (2013). Greatest Happiness Principle.The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Veenhoven, R. (2014). Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number. InEncyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research(pp. 2612-2613). Springer Netherlands.

Stevie Smith, Anne Sexton Adrienne Rich free essay sample

Examines three American women poets works, styles, techniques, language, artistic development, themes (focusing on love sex). Women poets of the last half century have developed a poetic voice which is, in the most positive way, distinctively female. Stevie Smith, Anne Sexton and Adrienne Rich are three of these poets. Though they write on a variety of subjects, death for example, or on subjects that are uniquely female, such as motherhood, one of the areas in which women poets pose the strongest challenge to the patriarchal tradition is the subject of love. After centuries in which the conventions and approaches and vocabulary of love poetry were primarily the creations of men, poets such as Smith, Sexton and Rich were among those who offered a new, specifically female view of love. Though the three poets are very different writers in terms of style, form and the specifics of subject matter, taken together they provide strong examples of how the uniquely female view is transforming

An Online Course Review of TestDEN TOEFL

An Online Course Review of TestDEN TOEFL Taking the TOEFL test can be an extremely challenging experience. Most universities have a minimum entrance score of 550. The range of grammar, reading and listening skills required to do well is enormous. One of the biggest challenges for teachers and students is identifying the correct areas to focus on in the limited amount of time available for preparation. In this feature, it is my pleasure to review an online course that specifically addresses this need. TestDEN TOEFL Trainer is an online TOEFL course which invites you to: Join Meg and Max in the TOEFL Trainer. These two, upbeat and friendly personalities will find the areas you need to improve the most and create a special study program just for you! Your virtual trainers will also give you focused practice tests to strengthen your TOEFL skills, and send you daily test-taking tips. The course costs $69 for a 60 day entrance period to the site. During this 60 day period you can take advantage of: personalized study guidesfull-length practice exams16 hours of audioover 7,000 questionsfull explanationse-mail test tips TestDENs TOEFL Trainer credentials are also quite impressive: TestDEN TOEFL Trainer is produced by ACT360 Media, a leading provider of education content. Since 1994, this innovative Vancouver company has been producing quality CD-ROM titles and Internet sites to enhance learning. Among these is the award-winning Digital Education Network and online tutorials for Microsoft Corporation. The only flaw seems to be that: This program has not been reviewed or endorsed by ETS. During my test period, I found all of the above claims to be true. Most importantly, the course is extremely well-planned and helps test takers pinpoint exactly those areas which cause them the most difficulties. Overview The course begins by requiring test takers to take an entire TOEFL examination called the Pre-test Station. This examination is followed by another section entitled Evaluation Station, which requires participants to take further sections of the examination. Both of these steps are required for the test taker to reach the heart of the program. While some people might become impatient with these steps, they are required to help the program assess problem areas. One reservation is that the test is not timed as in an actual TOEFL test. This is a minor point, as students can time themselves. The listening sections are presented using RealAudio. If the Internet connection is slow it can take quite a while to finish sections that require the opening of each listening exercise separately. Once both of the above sections have been finished, the test taker arrives at the Practice Station. This section is by far the most impressive and important section of the program. The Practice Station takes the information gathered in the first two sections and prioritizes a learning program for the individual. The program is divided into three categories: Priority 1, Priority 2 and Priority 3. This section includes exercises as well as explanations and tips for the current task. In this manner, the student can focus on exactly what he/she needs to do well on the exam. The final section is a Post-test Station which gives the participant a final test of his/her improvement over the course of the program. Once this section of the program has been taken there is no going back to the practice section. Summary Lets face it, taking the TOEFL test and doing well can be a long, hard process. The test itself often seems to have little to do with actually being able to communicate in the language. Instead, it can seem like a test that only measures the ability to perform well in an extremely academic setting using very dry and formal English. TestDENs layout does a wonderful job of preparing test takers for the task while keeping the preparation rather enjoyable by its user interface. I would highly recommend TestDEN TOEFL Trainer to any student wanting to take the TOEFL. In fact, to be completely honest, I think this program may do a better job of addressing individual needs than many teachers can! Why is this? Based on in-depth pre-testing and statistical information, the program uses computer technology to find exactly those areas that need to be covered. Unfortunately, teachers are often not able to access student needs so quickly. This program is probably quite sufficient for any high-level English student preparing for the exam. The best solution for lower level students would be a combination of this program and a private teacher. TestDen can help identify and provide practice at home, and a private teacher can go into more detail when working on weak areas.

Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Research Assignment - Essay Example Tell customers: If you want a V-8 rumble, you’ve gotta buy a V-8 that costs more, gets worse gas mileage and hurts the Earth†¦You’re fabricating the car’s sexiness. You’re fabricating performance elements of the car that don’t actually exist. That just feels deceptive to me† (Brauer cited in Harwell). (Migliore) predicts that V6 engines will be more popular compared to the V8 engines for the 2015 Ford F – 150. The article sums up the benefits provided by V6 engines over V8 engines to back up the prediction; â€Å"In the truck business, its historically been about the most horsepower, the most towing power and the most torque† (Scott cited in Migliore). The main difference between V6 and V8 engine is the number of cylinders. V6 has six cylinders whereas V8 has eight cylinders. The number of cylinders in an engine usually affects the engine’s total displacement volume. Smaller engines they are more cost effective. Since they have less cc, they require less gas to run. However, certain comforts are also offered by bigger engines e.g. more power and better performance, but they require more fuel in order to run the car. Generally, V6 engine provides more economical benefit whereas V8 engine provides more power benefits. Which engine comforts the customers more de pends upon the preferences of the customers. If they are looking for saving, they should go for V6 engines. If they are looking for power and performance, then V8 engines is the choice for them. (Att Training Ltd. and Denton) have introduced a blended learning approach to the engineering of cars in their book. Their book covers all technological and theoretical sections needed by students. Together with ATT online resources, this book offers a comprehensive package comprising video footage, activities, and assessment. They say that the comfort of customers is also determined by their need. If they need larger vehicles, V8 engine would provide them with more comfort whereas if they are looking

Paintings - Amalgam of Emotions and Cultures Essay

Paintings - Amalgam of Emotions and Cultures - Essay Example The paper "Paintings - Amalgam of Emotions and Cultures" will focus on how the art of paintings has been viewed in two different cultures namely the African culture and the Asian culture by throwing ‘light’ on the rock art and paintings that was practiced by the Asian and the African people. The painting media followed in both the cultures will also be discussed. â€Å"African paintings first emerged as those that still appear on rock and in caves.† The African paintings were discovered in Nambia and are thought to be approximately 27,000 years old. (Plessis). In addition, there were nearly 30,000 rock paintings scattered throughout the Drakensberg Mountain in South Africa. (Plessis). Thus these artistic medium was used by the ancient Africans to convey certain types of information, depict the day to day activities, to relate to certain key events and importantly to communicate with the spirits of the ancestors. Thus in this manner the rock art was used a vital li nk between the physical and the spiritual worlds. On the other hand, the Asian Paintings encompasses a wide array of paintings and sculptures from different parts of Asia. Thus each geographical area has developed their unique style of expression, painting styles and methods, techniques, etc. They were the blend of various cultures and traditions. â€Å"The Asian paintings reflect influences from different religions and cultures.†The Chinese paintings are considered to be one of the oldest paintings among the Asian paintings. The Japanese paintings are known for their varied styles. The themes of historical significance and the Buddhist themes are portrayed in the Korean paintings. The Indian paintings on the lines of African paintings originated from the caves and they date to the pre-historic period. Thus all form of the Asian cultures has their unique style and history. With this brief introduction about the Asian and the African paintings, the next concept about the views of the rock art and paintings in the Asian and the African culture will be discussed. Rock art was a common way of expressing emotions among the ancient Africans. Thus it has been estimated that Africa has more number of Rock art sites than any other continent and they are widely distributed. (Plessis). Archeological reports reveal the fact that in most parts of the African continent namely Zambia, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa has the densest concentration of the rock art. â€Å"The region has both the rock engravings (Petroglyphs) and rock paintings (Pictographs).†(African Rock art and Painting). Especially the South African rock art encompasses the rock paintings of the hunters-gatherers, farming communities, etc. On the other hand the Asian rock art was considered to be the mixtures of aesthetics which reveals the events and philosophy of the past. Thus in the evolution of mankind from the Homo erectus to the Homo sapiens, these Asian rock art depicts the images of the early man. The Asian rock art unlike the African art started 40,000 years ago during the upper Paleolithic era. The custom of rock art also followed in the Mesolithic age and it gained its final development in the Chalcolithic era. Among the Asian rock art paintings, the Indian Rock art are considered to be the most ancient and significant since they reflect the development of the Indian civilizations of Indus and

Student Attendance And Achievement

Student Attendance And Achievement The relationship between students attendance and achievement in public schools has become a drawn out issue. Among different studies by scholars, policymakers, specialists, and parents the outcome has been determined there is a positive correlation between school attendance and academics. This group study has evaluated that the number of days students attended school improved their learning. Research has determine, lack of attendance not only affected individual students academically, but also affected the learning environment of the entire school. Reducing the rates of student truancy and chronic absenteeism has been and continues to be a goal of many schools and school systems. Despite the long history of concern over student attendance, the issue has received relatively little attention from educational researchers. If schools can improve the truancy of students, then education will begin to gain academically. It is deem, the more students are between the four walls of the classro om, the better prepared they will become and achievement levels will begin to show improvement. The issue of poor school attendance has been a serious concern for many years. The correlation between attendance and achievement has policy makers and researchers questioning the efficacy of family involvement. According to Sheldon 2007, analyses showed when schools worked to implement the concerns of the school with families, and community partnerships, student attendance improved an average of 5%, whereas in comparison to schools that did not implement such strategy, rates of student attendance declined slightly from one year to the next (Sheldon, 2007). In respect of this declination, the present education climate, policy makers have placed a heavy emphasis on getting more children to stay in school in order to pass or score proficiently on standardized tests. This major push was attributed to the federal (NCLB), No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. The importance of this act has placed heavy sanctions on schools with chronic student failure and poor achievement test results. The si gnificance of this act holds school accountable for high levels of student attendance (Sheldon, 2007). The NCLB placed a rigorous implementation on student achievement and individual schools accountability. Given the major push for academic success, the focus should be redirected more heavily on attendance, mobility, socio economic status and educators in order to improve student achievement (Sheldon, 2007). How Truancy Factors Measure up to Achievement According to Sheppard, 2007, the issue on truancy can best be defined as any unexcused or undocumented absence from school taking into account the attendance rules of the state. Every state has their own set of rules regarding the attendance. These rules are designed to determine the age at which a child is required to start school, the age at which a child may officially finish school and the reasons that might be invoked for any excused absence from school (Sheppard, 2007). The true factors on truancy is the evidence of students performing poorly on tests, in the classroom and not completely prepared for real life situations. One of the obvious reasons for the lack of cleared results in the fight against truancy was the complexed phenomenon, occurring as a result of interplay between various determining characteristics of the family structure and the priority placed on education within the home (Sheppard, 2007). In light of evidence research identified three kinds of factors that contributed to truancy. Currently these factors can be situated at the individual, the family, and the school level of concern. In reasoning on the individual level, it has been established that truants are characterized by lower levels of academic self-esteem (p.267). The family level suggested pupils who are often absent tend to display signs of academic anxiety, sometimes even leading to symptoms of neuroticism. On the school level, truancy was most endemic at the age 15, and in general, the problem was more prevalent among boys than among girls, and proved an impossible accuracy task (Sheppard, 2007). Family Involvement According to Anne Sheppard, 2009, poor school attendance and low achievement tended to occur because of parental variables such as low socio-economic status, conflict, neglect, criminal record and mental illness. However, although research has shown that pupils from poorer socio-economic backgrounds had less positive attitudes towards school and learning and lower levels of academic self-concept than their more advanced peers (Sheppard, 2009). It seems that the poorer economical the family structure, the less likely the family unit will be in support of advancing academically especially outside of the classroom. It has also been viewed that the age of the student plays a role in regards to achievement gap. In other words, the differences were not as great as it might have been expected from the achievement gap between the age group up to 16 years, as it were between their socio-economic statuses (Sheppard, 2009). Sheppard suggested the impact of parental involvement was thought to wo rk through parents educational values and aspirations being presented in a positive parenting style, which influenced how pupils perceived education, schoolwork, and their motivation to achieve. If the parents valued higher educational level, the students value would be of equal importance (Sheppard, 2009). In considering this value, the author suggested that parental involvement affected childrens achievement more than school procedures, especially in the primary years. This lack of involvement was determined to have an effect in the later school years in determining the magnitude of learning. This same involvement was perceived in pupils educational aspirations and staying in education rather than measured achievement (Sheppard, 2009). Research and Data Research on truancy among schools, families, peer groups, and individuals factor has slowly evolved according to the results from this study data from principles of middle-high school students of different states. Information on participants came from those who attended an average comprehensive school and based on their percentage of pupils receiving free or reduced school meals. The average targets for these schools were 91.9% (Sheppard, 2009). This figure indicated that all pupils with an attendance below 92% could be considered poor attenders. These attender names were obtained from the participating schools register (Sheppard, 2009). In retrieving such information, an interview was used to elicit in depth pupil descriptions of their parents behavior over matters of school attendance and their explanations of why it occurred. An interview was chosen instead of a written questionnaire as the pupils were judged unable to put detailed responses in writing. The questionnaire was desig ned to give quantifiable data from qualitative questions which would have been suitable for statistical analysis (Sheppard, 2009). Data were collected and throughout the frequency was rated on a 4 point grading scale. The categories determined (0-3), where 0 represented never, 1 represented once or twice a term, 2 represented once every 2-3 weeks and 3 represented once a week or more often students missed school(Sheppard, 2009). In this statistical correlation, researchers viewed in secondary schools, there were correlations between related poor attendance, antisocial behavior, anxiety, low academic attainment and poor future outcomes regarding employment, adult relationships and crime driving the poor academic down turn (Sheppard, 2007). Within the down turn, it was self -evidence that the students that were in truant jeopardy were more likely to have a track record related with law enforcement. Outside of being in jeopardy with the law, good and poor school attenders within the age bracket of 12-13 years of age, were compared on quantifiable measures of their self- reported requested on numerous occasion to be absent from school with parental permission. Results found this age bracket claimed that they asked their parents to allow their absences from school on an occasional or more often basis using illness as an excuse (Sheppard, 2007). Sheppard reported the study done by M. Morris and S. Rutt in 2004, addressed an uneven association between school attendance and achievement with 14-15 year old pupils. Sheppard conveyed this study showed boys underperformed girls with the same level of attendance problem. The report also revealed better attendance among black Caribbean pupils than their white pupils, but the data did not reflect higher achievement. It did show the relationship reflected attendance and achievement varied according to subject between these two groups with poor attendance being associated with poor achievement in English, but not mathematics (Sheppard, 2007). Implication of Time In considering poor achievement in Math and English, author Richard Schiming, 2009, measured the impact of time and students commitments to various course activities one of the major factors students performance where low in given classes. The results were revealing by far, the most valuable and important time commitment in a course was the time actually spent in the classroom proved major improvement. Time spent was the key importance determinant of a student success and each unit of time in the class itself provided, among all the class related activities, proved the greatest improvement in student performance (Shiming, 2009). The importance of students performance was viewed as time spent in a class in discussion sections that accompanied lectures. Also the importance of time spent studying outside of class preparing for the class session itself shown to be effective. Perhaps most surprisingly was the result that the least significant time commitment in improving student performan ce in a particular class was the time spent studying for the tests or quizzes. The greatest positive impact overall daily basis preparing for and participating in class were the students outperform those students who do not attend or skip class regularly (Shiming, 2009). The role of class attendance specifically in this research demonstrated that the lack of attendance was statistically significant in explaining why a student received failing grades of a D rather than an A, B, or C in any specific class (Shiming, 2009). The statistical tests employed found that regular class attendance was a significant determinant in minimizing a students chance of receiving failing grades. This study strongly suggested that regular class attendance can aid significantly by acting as an insurance policy in avoiding a D or an F grade in any given class. Data were also sorted to determine the relative impact of each absence in the students final letter grade for a particular course (Shiming, 2009). The empirical results showed that absence from class was statistically significant in lowering the letter grade of the typical student. Specifically, each absence from class lowered a students grade by 0.06 in a 4.00 grading system. Thus, a student with 10 absences in a giv en term would lower his/her grade by 0.6, which would be the difference between a C plus and a B for example. Therefore making attendance one of the major factors in student achievement and schools accountability (Rutkowski, Gonzalez, Joncas, Davier 2010). Other Factors In recent years truancy has become a contextual and school related problem around the country. This behavior has sparked various governments and educational agencies to develop a stricter policy to reduce truancy levels, mainly based on the argument that truancy was associated with risk behavior, crime and substance abuse. Researchers shown in various countries, school systems and government agencies increasingly perceived truancy as a major and salient problem for the education system (Claes, Hooghe Reeskens, 2009). Other countries have developed a vigorous policy to reduce truancy and other form of absenteeism in order to improve and build the achievement gap. Mainly this new stricter policy was deeming from the fact that police and welfare officers had to effectively control the presence of minors on the streets during school hours (Claes, Hooghe, Reeskens, 2009). Since students were choosing to skip out on being in class learning, law enforcement agencies had to imposed sanctio ns on parents to take appropriate action in truancy matters or be fine, forced to take parenting courses or be prosecuted. If schools were going to change the level of achievement, then the level of truancy must be dealt with in the same manner as risky behaviors like the use of alcohol and illegal drugs or violence (Claes, Hooghe, Reeskens, 2009). Penalties and the Law Legislation firmly states that childrens attendance at school were the responsibility of the parents. Official guidance encouraged education social work/welfare services and school pastoral staff to use largely punitive, or perceived punitive methods, with parents of poor attenders. The findings suggested that by the secondary school years, poor attenders were likely to have a history of inconsistent parental reaction to school absenteeism and perhaps education in general (Sheppard, 2007). Limited research evidence suggested that prosecuting parents of non-attenders did not result in improved attendance. It was concluded that such prosecuted parents tended to be socially excluded and disadvantaged, with financial penalties serving a mixture of deterrence retribution and a culture of blame. Similarly, education policy makers should demand high-quality evaluations and empirical studies to examine the relationship between parental prosecution and childrens school attendance, if educatio n welfare services are to use such legal procedures with conviction (Sheppard, 2007). The key to absences and tardiness were finding the right consequences. Under some schools new policy, when a student misses a single class, he or she does not receive a lower class grade or a zero for missed work. Instead, within a few hours of the infraction the students parents receive a phone call (and, if available, an e-mail), and within 36 hours a staff member meets with the student to inquire about the absence. There after every unexcused absence resulted in after-school detention. The response of this action students showed that they took these consequences more seriously than they took a change in their grades. In the research one student commented, Last year I could skip and nobody cared. This year, if I skip once Im taken to the woodshed (Reeves, 2008). Since the adoption of this new policy, unexcused absences have dropped by 42 percent, the number of disciplinary referrals has dropped by 64 percent, and suspensions have dropped by 37 percent. These results were strikingly consistent with evidence from other schools. When schools improved their grading policies-for example, by disconnecting grades from behavior-student achievement increased and behavior improved dramatically (Reeves, 2008). Conclusion In regards to truancy, data clearly demonstrated that policies should not be based solely on repressive policies, but measures should be included as an instrument in the fight against school absenteeism. Investigating truancy, it has been proven school does make a difference. Schools that encourage participation environments can offer supporting climates that are seen as open environment for participation produced a lower truancy record and performance level increased. Also, schools that intensified the involvement of parents with what goes on at the school, and increased achievement challenges strengthened their supporting school climate (Claes, Hooghe, Reeskens, 2009). The research findings supported the claim that truancy should be considered a vital educational problem. High truancy prevented schools from reaching their goal of providing children with a sufficient level of skills to play a meaningful role in society. As much of a fight against truancy, it has not being eliminated as a school issue, but was looked at as a matter of law and order, a core element concern of the education system. As lifelong learners, professional must recognize that professional practices continue to evolve as reflections are placed on new information. If and when information arises that helps and identify the root of educational challenges and track progress which can more readily develop an action plan that will have a positive impact on students, then a common goal will emerge to see every student succeed.

Portuguese missionaries Essay

The success of the Portuguese missionaries in sixteenth century Japan was due to the relationship between actors in the Asian theater and that milieu itself. Economic and political pressures, not religious fervor, were the important determining factors. Among the said factors were the production of silver in Japan, the potential market for it in China, the prohibition against trade engendered by the activities of the Japanese pirates, the arrival of the Portuguese traders with the accompanying missionaries, the receptivity of the then-emperor to Portuguese proselytizing, and the policy of funneling a portion of trade revenue to the Jesuits for recruitment purposes. Tangentially we may take into consideration the character of the faith itself. However, the Jesuits presented the same faith as in other countries during the Crusades with much less of an effect. Therefore we must conclude that it was the economic and political power the Portuguese wielded that enabled the Jesuits to attract more followers to their belief system in Japan during the Crusades than in other countries to which they directed their efforts. Influence at this time, as always, was an admixture of the religious, the military, the economic, the political, and the social. We must first understand the milieu of sixteenth-century Asia. The Portuguese reached the shores of Japan in 1543 aboard a Chinese junk. They set up shop and shortly thereafter, more traders began to arrive along with Jesuit missionaries. The emperor at the time was open to their activities, as were the Kamakura who shared power at the time. This was the â€Å"Sengoku† period, a time of warring states in which the shoguns lost some power which was then assumed by the merchant classes then in ascendency. The plebian classes were eager to capitalize on this development in order to rise in Japanese society. The Jesuits were involved in more than religious activity. In 1549 the priest Francis Xavier arrived in Japan. â€Å"This marked the start of a vigorous effort by Jesuit missionaries to bring Christianity to Japan. (Hall, 1) As stated, there was substantial trade between Japan and China commanded by a Portuguese captain-major who possessed military, economic, and administrative powers in the name of the king of Portugal. As a result of this influence, the Jesuits gained control of both Nagasaki, trade headquarters, and the area of Mogi in 1580. â€Å"The Society of Jesus then held all rights pertaining to possession of land, administration, and judicial matters there and also received the anchorage fees levied on Portuguese ships. † (Hall, 62) They used the proceeds from this windfall to fund their missionary work. It must be noted, however, that the Jesuit dominion of Nagasaki and Mogi lasted only until 1588 when the emperor Hideyoshi confiscated the Church’s domain. Another point of influence was military. â€Å"The Portuguese traders’ contribution of a new, modern instrument of mayhem to Japan’s well-stocked but still medieval and, by European standards, obsolescent arsenal was one of those was one of those remarkable accidents of history that have a revolutionary effect. † (Hall, 302) The Portuguese, with whom the Jesuits were allied, thus contributed the technology which enabled Japanese military reunification. The missionaries were able to use not only the economic influence the Portuguese conferred upon them but technological influence as well. The Portuguese were of great practical benefit to the Japanese and enabled the Jesuits to use the goodwill the contribution generated to gain an audience for Christianity. This development was yet one more point of intersection between the religious and the secular. One association which enabled the Missionaries to pursue their work was that with the wako, the pirates and illicit traders. Not only did the wako transport the Portuguese and especially Francis Xavier to Japan but their depredations aroused the indignation of the Japanese emperor and caused them to be banned from Japanese shores. † The Portuguese found that what the Japanese really wanted from abroad were Chinese silk fabrics; as a result of Chinese reactions to (the wako), Japanese were not permitted to go to China themselves to buy them. † (Mason and Caiger, 154) The Chinese were highly interested in the silver of which Japan had a seemingly inexhaustible supply. The trade which then resulted was extremely profitable. The issues of Christianity and foreign trade were not central concerns of Japan but they were relevant to the success of the Jesuits in sixteenth-century Japan. The aid which the wako provided was not unalloyed. Francis Xavier used one of them, Yajiro, who badly led him astray. This native informant may indeed have ‘learned in eight months to read and write, and speak Portuguese’ and even have been ‘very well indoctrinated in the in the faith of Jesus Christ Our Lord,’ as Xavier maintained. Hall, 307) â€Å"For all that, he thoroughly misinformed his mentor. Yajiro’s outline of the essentials of Japanese religion was the sometime wako’s biggest disservice to the sometime saint. † (Hall, 308) This outline included the assertion that there is only one God which the Christian neophyte proceeded to amplify with theological analogues. He also proclaimed mistakenly that the Dainichi, the central Buddha of the Shingon sect, was similar to the Judeo-Christian God. â€Å"†¦the results of his altogether facile explanations are clear: Xavier began his mission in Japan by preaching Dainichi. Despite this setback, after the clarification of the issues, the missionaries eschewed anything resembling syncretism and preached Deus with marked success. An example of the mistake that was Yajiro’s enlistment was his assistance with religious texts. Yajiro had put a summary of Christian doctrine into Japanese and Xavier had painstakingly written it out in roman letters, yet the translation was such a failure that it elicited jeers and laughter from the men of letters who comprised its audience. For all that, Xavier and his helpmates were able to convert more than one hundred people, who were drawn to the foreign priest by the force of his personality if not the power of his message. † (Hall, 309) The exact nature of the new converts’ religion was indeterminate. The Christians in Japan endured a degree of persecution. The authorities, namely the emperors and the Buddhists, found the proselytizing disturbing and tolerated it for a time only for the sake of trade. Emperor Ieyasu â€Å"wanted to continue trading, but he was troubled by occasional political complications and wished to discourage Iberian missionary activity. In the end he settled for sporadic, half-hearted measures of repression. † (Totman, 222) The arrival of the Dutch and the English merchants, with their connections to Southeast Asia, weakened the position of the Portuguese and without the leverage trade provided, they found their existence in Japan to be tenuous. In the autumn of 1613, the Emperor Ieyasu resolved to end the Portuguese and Jesuit presence n Japan due to a sedition plot among Ieyasu’s key vassals. Rumors â€Å"linked the suspects to a recent and very messy scandal involving some Christian converts and members of his own household†¦. † (Totman, 222) This emperor, like Hideyoshi, wanted to limit his dealings to the Dutch and the English. To do so he outlawed Christianity, ordered missionaries expelled, and churches destroyed on the grounds that the Iberians had come to Japan not only to trade, â€Å"but also hoping to spread their evil doctrine without permission, to confound true religion, change the political order of the realm, and make it their own. (Totman, 140) However Ieyasu found himself distracted with other matters and unable to resolve the issue, allowing the Portuguese traders and missionaries to continue their work. The reprieve gradually came to an end however with the ascent of the emperor Hidetada, reputedly vicious, who tried to enforce his father’s policy. The result was that by 1630, most missionaries had left Japan in the face of the worst pogrom in Japanese history. Most churches were demolished, many converts were forced to recant, perhaps four to five thousand were executed and made martyrs. A minor tragedy by modern standards, but a horrific chapter nonetheless. The last stand of the Christians in Japan occurred in 1637. Crop failure, famine, and local political abuse brought on a major rebellion among the inhabitants of the Shimabara Peninsula in Kyushu. â€Å"25,000 commoners and ronin insurgents employed Christian religious banners and rhetoric to sustain themselves†¦and for a time they badly embarrassed the ineffectual government forces sent to crush them. (Totman, 223) In the end, however, they did not emerge victorious and the emperor Iemitsu severed all remaining Iberian connections, ordering all surviving Christian communities suppressed. Xavier needed both political and social acumen in order to make progress in his mission to Japan. At first he operated on the assumption that all he would need to gain entry to that country’s universities and palaces was his missionary zeal and conviction, courage and charisma. Although, by these means he did manage to obtain a letter of introduction from an â€Å"honored person† who took pity on him, without the necessary legitimization and presents he was turned away again and again. His goals were two: to convert the â€Å"king of Japan† and to spread the word of the Gospel at Japan’s leading institutes of higher learning. Unfortunately he found that ,†The petitioner who approached the gates of exalted personages barefooted and empty-handed would be turned away; aside from one’s convictions, one had to bear with him gifts and credentials. (Hall, 313) On Xavier’s second visit he had learned enough to appear in the capacity of an envoy of the authorities of Portuguese India, armed with letters from the governor and bishop of Goa, bearing presents, and dressed splendidly. The Japanese then received him as an ambassador and, duly impressed, the emperor granted him and his missionaries permission to preach and for the people to embrace the new religion in his domains, significant because those domains at the time comprised all or parts of ten provinces. The Jesuit missionaries were more successful in their efforts to spread the Gospel in Japan than in other countries. The Portuguese traders who served as intermediaries in the trade route between Japan and China facilitated this success. Directly, the traders and even the Jesuits themselves gained control of ports, ships, and revenue that the exchange of Japanese precious metals and Chinese silk provided which the missionaries then used to fund the proselytizing of the rising Japanese merchants. This class was especially susceptible to the persuasion of the Portuguese, economically and otherwise because they had long suffered under the rule of the shoguns. The warrior class was in disarray due to infighting and their disorganization along with the arrival of the Portuguese allowed the merchants the opportunity to prosper. As soon as the influence of the Portuguese traders waned, the Jesuits found preaching the Gospel in Japan to be impossible and they were expelled. However, as a result of their association with the Portuguese, many merchants became Christians. Due to the efforts, worldly and otherwise, of Xavier and his missionaries, the Japanese learned of the Gospel. The foregoing supports the theory that it was a combination of extra-religious forces which enabled the Jesuits to have more success in converting the natives of Japan to Christianity rather than the religion itself. Once the trade dominance of the Portuguese was limited by the incursions of the Dutch and English traders, the Japanese grew steadily more unwilling to tolerate the growing influence of the Jesuits. Indeed, that the Iberians were expelled as the power of the traders waned and the influence of the priests grew clearly demonstrates that the leverage of commerce was substantial and that it was used both in swaying people indirectly and directly for the benefit of the missionaries. More- over, the political savvy of the Jesuit leader, Francis Xavier, contributed greatly to the advancement of the fortunes of Christianity in sixteenth-century Japan, short-lived though those fortunes were.

Beowulf Comparison Essay

Beowulf is a very appealing novel as well as a film. The novel Beowulf and the film have many similarities, but they have more differences then anything. While watching the film I noticed many added parts that were not included in the novel. In the film, Grendel’s arm caught is caught on a rope as he’s trying to escape. As the men get closer he has no choice but to cut his own arm off in order to escape, this action is an actual animal reaction when their limb gets caught, the eat their own limb off. This event does not occur in the novel. In the novel Grendel is described as an evil monster with claws, while in the film he appears to be a regular human being. There is also some romance that goes on in the film. Another difference is that the novel is written in very old English while the English in the film seems a little more modern. Religion also seemed to play an important role in the film that it didn’t play on the novel. Before I watched the film I expected an ugly demon looking thing to play the role of Grendel, but instead he was just a very tall man with birth defects. In my opinion Grendel is not the monster the book makes him out to be. When Beowulf becomes furious with Grendel he begins to mimic Beowulf in amusement. While in the novel Grendel becomes angry and goes completely wild. I found both the novel and the movie amusing because they both had something different to offer. Reading the book allows you to visualize the characters and what their personality traits are going to be like. The novel will also allow me to better understand the climax and main points. As far as the film goes, it really helped me comprehend what is going on in the story, due to the novel being in Old English. After reading the novel I expected the film to be distinctively different, especially the way Grendel was portrayed. Despite the differences from the novel and the film, they both give me a clear understanding of what is occurring in the story.

The Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki - 1302 Words

August 15, 1945, Japan announces its surrender to the Allies almost one week after being hit with two atomic bombs. On August 6, 1945 during World War II an American B-29 bomber dropped the world s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima, wiping out 90 percent of the city and killing 80,000 people immediately. Three days later a second B-29 dropped another atomic bomb on the Japanese city Nagasaki, killing around 40,000 people. (The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) The Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombings were necessary because it played a vital role in Japan’s surrender to the Allies by inflicting severe damage and fear to Japan. Early in 1939, during World War II, the world’s scientific community has just learned that German physicists have discovered the secrets on how to successfully split a uranium atom and feared that Nazi scientists could utilize the energy needed to construct a bomb capable of mass destruction. American scientists Albert Einstein, and Enrico Fermi believed that the president should be informed of the dangers of the atomic technology in the hands of the Axis powers. Fermi then traveled to Washington to inform government officials, but few shared his uneasiness. Einstein however wrote a note to president Roosevelt urging the development of an atomic research program as soon as possible. President Roosevelt saw neither the necessity nor the utility for the project, but agreed to proceed slowly. In late 1941, The Manhattan Project wasShow MoreRelatedAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki844 Words   |  4 Pagesdropped atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing nearly 200,000 people. This resulted in Japans surrender in World War II. J. Samuel Walker analyzes this historical event in his book Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs. Over the past 70 years’ extensive research has been conducted and there is an understanding that Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs is inconclusive. It is impossible to determine that the use of the bomb was the quickestRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki884 Words   |  4 PagesFearful cries spread through the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it was measured that 135,000 people were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bombs created? Who decided to use them? These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatl y. It all started when WorldRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesThe use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II was a controversial decision that was made by President Truman. On August 6, 1945, President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima and three days later a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. It brought an end to the bloody war in the Pacific after 4 years. Making Japan surrender in the face of unimaginable force and significant destruction on Japan’s soil. Nevertheless, Truman’s decisionRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1515 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb in Japan? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed Hiroshima and over 90,000 people were instantly killed in the explosion and an additional 100,000 people perished from burns and radiation sickness. Japan refusedRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1764 Words   |  8 Pagesmake the decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki however, President Truman was ultimately the man who made the final decision to launch ‘Little Boy’ and destroy Hiroshima, Nagasaki and their civilians, thus forcing an end to the war. Although there were many alternatives presented to President Truman, it is unknown as to whether they would have actually succeeded in ending the war or producing less casualties. Truman made the decision to drop these bombs in the heat of war but h is justificationRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1364 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 6th of August 1945 America dropped the atomic bomb by the name of ‘Little Boy’ dropped by the plane ‘Enola Gay’ on the Japanese city, Hiroshima. Three days later on the 9th of August America dropped another bombed called, ‘Fat Man’ on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. A surrender was received and accepted by America on the 15th of August and the war against Japan had ended. Harry S. Truman, the man responsible for dropping the bombs claims it ended the war more efficiently and was in fact theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesDespite the extreme devastation, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. The atomic bomb is a weapon unmatched in warfare, rapidly releasing nuclear energy by fission of atomic nuclei. Desperate times call for desperate measures, which is why America chose to unleash its most deadly weapon, the atomic bomb, on Japan. America, who had already fought in World War II for over four years, had no desire to perpetuate the war. When Japan refused to surrender, America was leftRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different ways in which WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he madeRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1998 Words   |  8 Pagesto drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Joon Jung 2/21/16 Word Count: 1848 Section A: Identification and Evaluation of Sources Research Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyedRead MoreAtomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1902 Words   |  8 Pagesthe United States dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and three days later dropped another on Nagasaki. This was a significate point in history because there has never been a bomb of this magnitude being use in an urban industrial area. Ultimately the use of the atomic bomb resulted in Japan’s surrender, which aided the allies in drawing closer to ending the war against the Axis Powers. Due to the massive destruction industrially and urbanely the use of the atomic bomb has always been questioned.